For some time, scientists have been inserting human genes
into animal eggs, sperm or embryos in order to improve our
understanding of human genetic diseases. For example, by inserting
genes into mouse eggs, scientists have learnt a great deal
about the processes that can cause cancer, cystic fibrosis
and other diseases in humans.
The human genome project |
In April 2001 the first genetically modified monkey
was born - he was called Andi (representing 'Inserted
DNA' backwards). Andi was made from an unfertilised
egg into which scientists had inserted a jellyfish gene
called green fluorescent protein. This egg was
then fertilised with normal monkey sperm. Andi glowed
green In ultra violet light, showing for the first time
that it is possible to change the genetic make-up of
a primate by inserting a gene into the egg.
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Many people feel that it is wrong to modify the genes of
monkeys, as they are so similar to humans; they argue that
these techniques should only be used on animals like insects
and mice.
Studies using animals have shown that performing germ
line therapy and altering the genes in eggs, sperm or
embryos can have unwanted effects. There is a risk that if
used in humans, it might produce babies who have unpredicted
diseases, are brain damaged or even have personality changes.
This is one reason why germ line therapy is currently
illegal in many countries.
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